Unemployed youths calling themselves 'Dongas' set up set up camp above Winchester to protect the downland Photograph: Alex MacNaughtonPhotograph: GuardianThe new route for the M3 was expected to save motorists a few minutes between London and SouthamptonPhotograph: Frank Martin/GuardianBy Christmas the Dongas were using every tactic they could to stop work, including occupying roadbuilders' machinery Photograph: Alex MacNaughtonPhotograph: GuardianMore and more people came to the vast cutting through the chalk hillPhotograph: Frank Martin/GuardianThe protests turned nasty as security guards dragged people off the site. Many protesters complained of being beatenPhotograph: Robin Mayes/GuardianBy the spring of 1993, the cutting was nearly complete but the police kept a constant presencePhotograph: Robin Mayes/GuardianProtests stepped up as Twyford Down became an environmental cause and political opposition mountedPhotograph: Robin Mayes/GuardianWork was constantly hampered as direct action became the most effective way to stop the road Photograph: Alex MacNaughtonPhotograph: Alex McNaughten/GuardianBy early summer, hundreds of people were joining the Dongas to protest at weekends Photograph: Alex MacNaughtonPhotograph: Alex Macnaughton/GuardianThe M3 cutting was complete by mid-summer. Many were shocked by the scale of the destructionPhotograph: Alan Reevell/GuardianLast minute attempts were made in the London courts to stop the roadPhotograph: Martin Argles/GuardianThe protests began to spread to London and other places where roads were plannedPhotograph: GuardianThe Twyford protests are acknowledged to have started the British road protests which led directly to anti-globalisation, climate change and anti-capitalist actionsPhotograph: Andrew Testa/Guardian